Traumatic brain injury may affect which of the following?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have widespread effects on multiple areas of functioning due to the complexity and interconnectivity of the brain. After a TBI, an individual may experience challenges in cognition, which involves mental processes such as attention, reasoning, and problem-solving. Additionally, language abilities can be impacted; this includes difficulties with speaking, understanding, reading, and writing. Memory issues are also common, affecting short-term as well as long-term recall. Finally, social behavior can change as a result of emotional regulation problems, leading to either an increased tendency for isolation or inappropriate social interactions. Understanding this multifaceted impact of TBI is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies to support individuals in their recovery and adjustment process.

The other options suggest limitations to TBI effects that do not capture the comprehensive nature of the injury's impact on an individual’s daily life and functioning. Options focusing solely on physical functions, cognitive abilities, or motor skills ignore the potential for interconnected challenges stemming from a brain injury, which can affect various aspects of a person’s life.