What is the contemporary term for "mental retardation" in the context of special education?

The contemporary term for "mental retardation" in the context of special education is "intellectual disabilities." This term reflects a shift in language and understanding around the condition, emphasizing a more respectful and person-first approach. It is used in both educational and medical contexts to describe individuals with significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

"Intellectual disabilities" is widely accepted and aligns with current legislation, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which recognizes the importance of using terminology that is sensitive and affirming towards the individuals it describes. This change aims to reduce stigma and promote a better understanding of the challenges and needs associated with these disabilities.

While terms like "cognitive impairments," "developmental disabilities," and "learning disabilities" are related to conditions affecting cognition and functioning, they are not equivalent to "intellectual disabilities." Each of these terms has specific definitions and criteria that do not necessarily overlap with the definition of intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the use of "intellectual disabilities" as the current terminology is significant in fostering inclusivity and accuracy in understanding the unique experiences of individuals affected by this condition.